Gear

A gear or gearwheel, also called a toothed wheel, is a rotating machine part typically used to transmit rotational motion or torque by means of a series of "teeth" that engage with compatible teeth of another gear or other part. The teeth can be integral saliences or cavities machined on the part, or separate pegs inserted into it. In the latter case, the gear is usually called a cogwheel.

A cog may be one of those pegs or the whole gear.
Two or more meshing gears are called a gear train.

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Source: Wikipedia · Image: Wikimedia Commons · CC0

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